One of the reasons why people of different generations do not understand each other is that they do not speak the same language or, if you really want, jargon. FDU professor Petrit Imami, author of the book "Belgrade Dude Dictionary", explains some basic concepts and their transformations in the past decades. For those whose ears are not used to "street talk", a warning - some parts of the text may trip you up
Dude language is not the tent-speak used by con artists and petty thieves, nor is it the street slang used by teenagers or the reckless. It can be said that it is, first of all, a language with which a person frees himself from the constraints of social conventions in behavior and speech, which relaxes him and relieves him of tension, and therefore also has a therapeutic function. The word "freier" is borrowed from the German language (Freier) in which it means a suitor, a candidate for marriage, or not, a free man. At the beginning of the 1th century, it had that meaning in the Serbian language, and later it acquired another meaning and over time became multi-meaning: 2. young man; 3. fashionable young man; 4. a deranged young man; mangup; 5. naive man; 6. ignorant; 7. beginner; 8. danguba; 9. bum; 10. a fool; 11. the girl's boyfriend; XNUMX. (as an adjective) naive, stupid.
Until two or three decades ago, in our environment, such words were considered rude, words uttered by simple and unworthy people without domestic education. Parents and teachers punished children if they said "keva", "ฤale", "profa", "lova", etc., not to mention swearing. Today, these words are used by various generations and members of different social strata. At the same time, expressions of the same meaning created in various past tenses can be heard in parallel: "to burn" (from the 50s), "to lie down" (from the 60s), "to receive" (from the 80s) and " fry yourself" (from the 90s). One of the very old ล atrovac verbs "gotiviti" (a whole century old) can be heard very often in recent times, as well as in derived forms: gotiva, gotivac, gotivan, gotivno. In "Wolf's Dictionary" (1818) there are the words "palja" (bread), "gotivica" (brandy), "zrakavica" (eye), "levat" (man), "levatka" (woman), "klindov" ( son), "klindovka" (daughter), "keva" (mother). Today, the expressions "joke", "fuck", "wolf", "fucking wind", etc. can be heard every day from the mouths of people of different ages, education levels, temperaments, occupations, etc. Earlier, as a rule, younger people learned slang from older people, while in recent times, older people seem to pick it up more often from the speech of their sons, grandsons, younger relatives or friends (eg "super").
Swearing SA MEASURE: Swear words are an integral part of dude language. Once under a strict ban to say them in a public place or in the circle of "decent" people, today it is quite normal for friends to "exchange" them with each other when expressing their feelings. They are defied, criticized, attacked, joked at other people's expense as well as at their own expense, say what they really mean and make fun of what annoys them or make them seem false, thereby making life bearable for themselves and others, freeing them from frustrations. This was perhaps particularly influenced by the theatrical performances of Atelier 212 in Belgrade and the improvisations of the actor Zoran Radmiloviฤ, who in the 70s made many swear words aesthetically attractive. In Jack London's short story One night u Gabot, the character Captain Griff says: "A good swear word, when used sparingly and properly, is quite useful." Too many swear words spoils swearing." Swear words uttered in difficult life circumstances, in deep misery, despair and helplessness, are not curses but curses and cries of the human soul. An outstanding example of this is the cursing of a character from Dobrica ฤosiฤ's novel Divisions (1961): "I was the seed of man." And his first word was you. And the name. I'll give you blood and mouth. The sun is hot. Mother of God in the throat and navel and nipple. Mother's milk and mother's tears. The cross and the letter, the earth that holds us, is in the heart of the pagan. I am the way that man walks. The bread that feeds him and the water are you. Three hundred and sixty-six days and nights, and all dawns, all glories, saints, gods, in their eyes, in their mouths, in their breath. In view. I am your dream and thought. Death to you, child of death, death to death, death to you. Bem you, bem you, alas, bem you."
As in other languages, in Serbian there are some rules for creating slang. Most often by shortening ("profa" from "professor" or "ฤera" from "kuฤerina"), inversion ("vozdra" from "hello"), accusative inversion ("fuka" from "coffee", "gudra" from "drug") , compounds ("buljouvlaฤac" or "piฤkopaฤenik"), associations (car - 1 crazy person, 2 idiot, according to a sports car of the Bolide brand and a figurative marking of crazy driving (you're my car! = don't be crazy!), by summarizing (packorative - formed from "pack" and "collective", meaning all together, in large numbers) and others.
Certain suffixes are particularly popular:
- ca: doca, droca, fuca, jeca, koca, meca, moca, peca, pica, pluca, prca, puca, schvica, ฤaca;
- chuga: automobile chuga, black chuga, film chuga, clinchuga, lovchuga, beer chuga, ring chuga, village chuga, sinchuga, stanchuga, winchuga, znojchuga;
- aฤ: crtaฤ, crvendaฤ, discaฤ, golaฤ, iksaฤ, kilaฤ, kitaฤ, prstaฤ, sporaฤ, tristaฤ, zelembaca, ฤenskaca;
- onja: bionja, klonja, kuronja, mudonja, njonja, prdonja, reponja, seronja, sonja, tronja;
- guy: safe guy, bum, black guy, dope guy, two-room guy, fin guy, annual guy, group guy, research guy, cultural guy, big guy, mashnjak, matic guy, minjak, peace guy, motorcycle guy, dark guy, drinker, folk guy, Padinjak, pervert, dick guy, dick guy, plastic guy , second-hand truck, prcvoljak, slave ship, freelancer, sportsman, stud ship, dark ship, cargo ship, potbelly, trntanik, moderate, elf, entertainer, westerner, prisoner, zornjak, etc.
Expressions have become very common: from bedak, to bombak, to speedy, to deljak, to savage, to djabak, to finjak, to kvarnjak, levac, downhill, pedestrian, to champion, to suvak.
SIX I SLANG: As in many other languages, in Serbian, most slang terms refer to sex. Thus, in the Serbian language, the following verbs indicate a sexual act: bembati, poknuti, ลกutiลกti, ลกpuลกti, ฤapati, ฤerฤiฤit, knock, fuck, jerk, shake, target, knead, fiddle, fuck, jump out, knock out, get out, get out, get out (se), shake, drill, fuck, swing, karabudjit, fight, cock, to crack, to crack, to crack, to patch, to mash, to frown, to push, to impale, to impale, to step on, to cram, to cram, to cram, to cram, to cram, to cram, to cram, to put on, to put on to burn, to fire, to screw, to tear, to tear, to fuck to screw up to plan, to cut, to rush, to scrabble, to shorten, to slurp, to place, to burn, to burn, to arrange, to remove, to fold, to whistle, to sew (se), to sew, to stab, to cut, to screw, to wash, to do, to drive, to jam, to put in, to roll in, to pull in, to stick, to jam, to clog, to jam, to knock, to jump to crush whistle. Idioms can also be added to this: to drink a dick, to put it under the balls, to bang a dick, to bang a dick, to drive a madman or a dick, to get rid of a dick, to hit a kaila, to tear or to tear a cat, to tear a bullet, to bring a fish, to roll a mouse, to hit a thread, to cool pussy, spank pussy, spray fish, whip dick, shorten the neck, run the dick, etc.
Loanwords play a special role in slang. Most of them originate from the German, Turkish and English languages, as well as from American slang. From German are: bajbok, bezec, blam, cubok, drot, druker, furati, galipter, izblajhana, junfer, kibicer, etc.; from Turkish: badฤa, bidฤa, budฤa, ฤoriti, ฤorka, ฤortan, danga, etc., from English: basket, bus, chancirati, dil, dop, drive, drink, dฤega, file, file, fancy, flip, freak, gerla, to drink etc.; from American slang: ap, bang, butch, charlie, dealer, joint, jank, janki, dลพiga, etc. There are loanwords from some other languages, including from French: fazon, frapirat (se), gaf, gaฤa, shunt, schwaler, kurka; from Italian: banja, ฤapiti, ฤuza, jir, ฤoka, gabor, gajba, kajla, ronzati, si, tropa; from Romani: bulja, ฤorisati, dasa, dileja, giljati, halisati, kandisati, kenjati, minฤa, naje, si, soviti; from Hungarian: budjelar, djomba, djanisati, kunt, pajtas, rondja, santav. It is interesting that the words: keva, kinta, klopa, njupa, rascopati and others came from Albanian. By the way, at the beginning of this century, the Albanian language (about 330 words) had a strong influence in the creation of the Serbian ล atrovac speech, a certain number of which are contained in Dragoslav Andriฤ's "Dictionary of Jargon".
The dictionary did not include archaic slang expressions, which belong to a specific time, and today only a few will remember them. Unfortunately, many remained unrecorded, and there is a danger that with the departure of the elderly they will be (or have already been) forgotten forever. For example, at the end of the 30s, in the thieves' circle, "chapel" meant a house, and "dead man" a person to be robbed, in the first years after the Second World War, "immoral women" were shorts that girls wore to gym classes or parties, in In the 50s, students used to call their shirt, usually the only one, which would be worn for a long time, "semestralka", etc. This dictionary did not even include words and expressions that appeared most often in children's speech, such as in the late 70s and 80s when, for example, the vowels "o" and "e" were replaced by "a", "i" by "e" , and "z" with "i" or "a", so the expression "kati bare ashi" meant "who picks your ears".
badak - 1. hard life; 2. hopeless situation; 3. despair; despair; 4. very bad; 5. bednik (derived from English "bad" (bad) and at the same time a conversion of the Croatian word "bedak")
Chuka - 1st hour, clock; 2. (time) hour, hour; 3. heart; 4. ignorant; 5. penis (derived from "knock" - to knock, assoc. to "clock ticking")
ฤoka - male sexual organ (the term originated from the Italian commanding verb "gioca!" (ฤoka) - play!, with which the trainer of the Italian traveling circus made the monkey jump in front of the audience; this term was the first name given to a monkey in Serbia ("monkey ฤoka" ), and the assoc. to the male genital organ is due to the black hairs that the monkey has and its "jumping"; the Vlachs also have the exclamation "joaca!"
ge-ha โ valid (assoc. to the chemical formula Hg (ha-ge) โ mercury; also homonymous inversion)
communist - mm (pej.) communist (combination of "(comun)ist" and "fu(njara)", first in Ljotiฤ's newspaper "Naลกa Borba", 1942-44)
Ridgway - ticket controller in city transport (associate with American General Matthew Ridgway, commander of the UN forces in the Korean War 1950-52, on whose cap there was a golden sheet similar to the one used by city transport controllers in Belgrade at that time)
Petrit Imami was born in Prizren, and grew up in Belgrade, where he graduated in 1974 in Dramaturgy at the Academy of Theatre, Film, Radio and Television. For a while he worked as a dramaturg at TV Priลกtina, in 1981 he was elected to the position of assistant professor, and later to professor of film and TV script at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade at the Department of Dramaturgy. He won the Golden Arena for the screenplay in 1979 at the Pula Festival for the film "Wind and Oak" (Kosovo-film); he edited two textbooks "Film script in theory and practice" (1978-1983) and collaborated on the "Lexicon of Film and Television Terms" (I-II) of the University of Arts and Science Books. He is also the author of the book "Serbs and Albanians through the centuries" (2000).
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